Journal Papers Published or In Press

  1. Loa, P., Lee, Y., Circella, G., 2025. “Exploring Variations in Vehicle-Miles Traveled Among Latent Classes of Shared Mobility Users in California”. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation (in-press). DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2026.2624709.

  2. Loa, P., Lee, Y., Circella, G., 2025. “Examining Post-pandemic Ride-hailing Use in California and its Determinants”. Transportation Research Record. DOI: 10.1177/03611981251380589.

  3. Mashrur, Sk. Md., Loa, P., Ong, F., Habib, K.N., 2025. “Analyzing the Influence of Transit Pass Ownership on Ride-sourcing Frequency in Metro Vancouver: Implications for Policy and Urban Mobility Planning”. Transportation Research Part A, 199: 104566. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2025.104566.

  4. Kothawala, A., Haddad, A., Loa, P., Lee, Y., Circella, G., Bhat, C. R., 2025. “Hybrid Workers’ Activity Intensity: Post-Pandemic Comparison of Telework-Only and In-Person Workdays”. Transportation Research Record, 2679(11): 260-273. DOI: 10.1177/03611981251347299.

  5. Sohi, M., Loa, P., Ozbilen, B., Iogansen, X., Lee, Y., Circella, G., 2025. “How Do E-Shopping and Built Environment Factors Affect Shopping VMT?”. Transportation Research Part D, 139: 104567. DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104567.

  6. Loa, P., Iogansen, X., Lee, Y., Circella, G., 2025. “Not All Ride-hailing Trips Are Created Equal: An Examination of Additional Trips Enabled by Ride-hailing and the Users Who Made Them”. Transportation. DOI: 10.1007/s11116-024-10566-6.

  7. Ong, F., Loa, P., Habib, K.N., 2024. “Assessing Metro Vancouver as an Emerging Market for Ride Sourcing Services: Insights into Trip Characteristics and Impacts on Multimodal Competitions”. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 18(6): 505-522. DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2024.2363203.

  8. Loa, P., Ong, F., Habib, K.N., 2024. “How Does the Introduction of Shared Ride-sourcing Services Affect Demand for Existing Modes for Non-commuting Trips? Evidence from a Joint RP-SP Study in Metro Vancouver”. Transportation Research Record, 2679(2): 18-32. DOI: 10.1177/03611981241257510.

  9. Ong, F., Loa, P., Habib, K.N., 2024. “Is it the Trip or the Trip-Maker? Modelling Factors Influencing the Demand Induced by the Availability of Ride-sourcing Services in Metro Vancouver”. Transport Policy, 151: 110-119. DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.04.005.

  10. Loa, P., Habib, K.N., 2024. “How does Public Transit Serve Post-Secondary Students in Toronto? A Utility-based Analysis of Accessibility by Transit for Discretionary Trips”. Transportation, 52: 1657-1678. DOI: 10.1007/s11116-024-10469-6.

  11. Ong, F., Loa, P., Habib, K.N., 2024. “Ride-sourcing Demand in Metro Vancouver: Looking through the Lens of Disability”. Transportation Research Part A, 118: 103984. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2024.103984.

  12. Ong, F., Loa, P., Habib, K.N., 2024. “A behavioural analysis of post-pandemic modality profiles for non-commuting trips in the Greater Toronto Area”. Travel Behaviour and Society, 34: 100690. DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2023.100690.

  13. Loa, P., Ong, F., Hawkins, J., Habib, K.N., 2023. “Unravelling the Relationship between Ride-sourcing Services and Conventional Modes in Toronto: A Stated Preference Study in the City of Toronto”, Transport Policy. 141: 209-220. DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.07.022.

  14. Liu, Y., Loa, P., Wang, K., Habib, K.N., 2023. “Theory-driven or data-driven? Modelling ride-sourcing mode choices using integrated choice and latent variable model and multi-task learning deep neural networks”. Journal of Choice Modelling, 48: 100431. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocm.2023.100431.

  15. Loa, P., Ong, F., Habib, K.N., 2023. “Identifying Profiles of Ride-sourcing Users in the Metro Vancouver Region for a Better Understanding of Ride-sourcing Behaviour”. Travel Behaviour and Society, 33: 100637. DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2023.100637.

  16. Loa, P., Liu, Y., Ong, F. Hossain, S., Habib, K.N., 2023. “Investigating Changes in Ride-Sourcing Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Two-Cycle Survey of the Greater Toronto Area”. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems, 149(9). DOI: 10.1061/JTEPBS/TEENG-7301.

  17. Hossain, S., Loa, P., Ong, F., Habib, K.N., 2023. “Exploring the spatiotemporal factors affecting bicycle-sharing demand during the COVID-19 pandemic”. Transportation, 51: 1575-1610. DOI: 10.1007/s11116-023-10378-0.

  18. Loa, P., Ong, F., Habib, K.N., 2023. “How has Anticipated Post-pandemic Ride-sourcing Use Changed During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Evidence from a Two-cycle Survey of the Greater Toronto Area”. Transportation Research Record, 2678(12): 402-419. DOI: 10.1177/03611981231155434.

  19. Loa, P., Habib, K.N., 2023. “Identifying the Determinants of Anticipated Post-pandemic Mode Choices in the Greater Toronto Area: A Stated Preference Study”. Transportation Research Record, 2677(6): 199-217. DOI: 10.1177/03611981221145133.

  20. Hossain, S., Loa, P., Ong, F., Habib, K.N., 2022. “The Determinants of Commute Mode Usage Frequency of Post-Secondary Students in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area”. Transportation Research Part A, 166: 164-185. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2022.10.010.

  21. Mashrur, Sk. Md., Lavoie, B., Wang, K., Loa, P., Habib, K.N., 2022. “A Joint Model of Transit Usage Frequency and in-Vehicle Safety Perception During the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Transportation Research Record, 2678(12): 209-229. DOI: 10.1177/03611981221100241.

  22. Loa, P., Hossain, S., Liu, Y., Habib, K.N., 2022. “How has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the use of Ride-sourcing Services? An Empirical Evidence-based Investigation for the Greater Toronto Area”. Transportation Research Part A, 115: 46-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2021.11.013. PMCID: PMC PMC8602061.

  23. Mashrur, Sk. Md., Wang, K., Loa, P., Hossain, S., Habib, K.N., 2022. “Application of Protection Motivation Theory to quantify the impact of pandemic fear on anticipated post-pandemic transit usage”. Transportation Research Record, 2677(4): 267-286. DOI: 10.1177/03611981211065439.

  24. Loa, P., Mashrur, Sk. Md., Habib, K.N., 2021. “What influences the substitution of ride-sourcing for public transit and taxi services in Toronto? An exploratory structural equation model-based study”. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 17(1): 15-28. DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2021.1978018.

  25. Wang, K., Liu, Y., Mashrur, Sk. Md., Loa, P., Habib, K.N., 2021. “COVid-19 influenced Households’ Interrupted Travel Schedules (COVHITS) Survey: Lessons from the Fall 2020 Cycle”. Transport Policy, 112: 43-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.08.009. PMCID: PMC8376120.

  26. Loa, P., Hossain, S., Mashrur, Sk. Md., Liu, Y., Wang, K., Ong, F., Habib, K.N., 2021. “Exploring the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Modality Profiles for Non-Mandatory Trips in the Greater Toronto Area”. Transport Policy, 110: 71-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.05.028. PMCID: PMC8481204.

  27. Loa, P., Hossain, S., Liu, Y., Habib, K.N., 2021. “How have Ride-sourcing Users Adapted to the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic? Evidence from a Survey-based Study of the Greater Toronto Area”. Transportation Letters, 13(5-6): 404-413. DOI: 10.1080/19427867.2021.1892938.

  28. Habib, K.N., Hawkins, J., Shakib, S., Loa, P., Mashrur, Sk., Dianat, A., Wang, K., Hossain, S., Liu, Y., 2021. “Assessing the Impacts of COVID-19 on Urban Passenger Travel Demand in the Greater Toronto Area: Description of A Multi-Pronged and Multi-Staged Study with Initial Results”. Transportation Letters, 13(5-6): 353-366. DOI: 10.1080/19427867.2021.1899579.

  29. Loa, P., Habib, K.N., 2021. “Examining the Influence of Attitudinal Factors on the Use of Ride-hailing Services in Toronto”. Transportation Research Part A, 146: 13-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2021.02.002.

  30. Loa, P., Hossain, S., Habib, K.N., 2020. “On the Influence of Land Use and Transit Network Attributes on the Generation of, and Relationship between, the Demand for Public Transit and Ride-Hailing Services in Toronto”. Transportation Research Record, 2675(3): 136-153. DOI: 10.1177/0361198120966601.

Journal Papers Under Review

  1. Loa, P., Giller, J., Lee, Y., Circella, G., 2026. “Beyond Availability: Investigating Incentive Familiarity Among California Ride-hailing Drivers”.

  2. Loa, P., Lee, Y., Circella, G., 2025. “Just Another Ride-hailing? Examining the Determinants of Robotaxi Demand in San Francisco”.

  3. Giller, J., Iogansen, X., Circella, G., Young, M., Lee, Y., Loa., P., 2025. “Ridehailing Drivers’ Perceptions and Adoption of Electric Vehicles: Insights from a Stratified Random Sample Survey”.

  4. Iogansen, X., Giller, J., Young, M., Loa, P., Lee, Y., Bunch, D.S., Circella, G., 2025. “Motivations and Barriers to Electrifying Ridehailing Services: Evidence from California TNC Drivers”.

  5. Naila Meghna. N., Loa, P., Hasnine, Md. S., 2024. “How Do Students Make a Choice of Activity Types? - A Dynamic Discrete Choice Analysis of Activity Type Selection in A Tour-Based Approach”.

Book Chapters

  1. Loa, P., Hossain, S., Wang, K., Habib, K.N., 2023. “Examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on ride-sourcing services: Findings from a literature review and case studies”. In: Van Acker, V., Choo, S., Mokhtarian, P.L. (Eds.), Advances in Transport Policy and Planning: Part 1 – Long-term impacts of COVID-19 on mobility and travel behaviour, pg. 105-143. UK: Elsevier Ltd. DOI: 10.1016/bs.atpp.2023.07.005.

Technical Reports

  1. Circella, G., Giller, J., Iogansen, X., Young, M., Lee, Y., Loa, P. “Assessing the Early Impacts of the Clean Miles Standard on California Ridehailing Drivers”. Report to the California Air Resources Board. 3 Revolutions Future Mobility program – Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis. October 2025.

  2. Circella, G., Lee, Y., Loa, P., Jena, A. “Transatlantic Cooperation for Leveling Up Mobility as a Service (MaaS): WP3: Identifying the Potential for MaaS Implementation in California”. Report to Vinnova. 3 Revolutions Future Mobility program – Institute of Transportation Studies. May 2025.

  3. Ozbilen, B., Gulhare, S., Makino, K., Jena, A., Iogansen, X., Loa, P., Lee, Y., Malik, J., Circella, G. “Barriers to Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Transportation Part 2: Investigating Evolving Travel Behaviors into the Post-Pandemic Period in California”. Report to the California Air Resources Board. 3 Revolutions Future Mobility program – Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis. March 2024.

  4. Ong, F., Loa, P., Habib, K.N. “TNCs for Persons with Disabilities”. Report to the TransLink New Mobility Research Lab. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute. March 2023.

  5. Loa, P., Ong, F., Habib, K.N. “Comparative Study of the Utilization and Impacts of TNCs in Toronto and the Greater Vancouver Region”. Report to the TransLink New Mobility Research Lab. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute. March 2023.

  6. Loa, P., Ong, F., Habib, K.N. “Survey Data Analysis”. Report to the TransLink New Mobility Research Lab. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute. Sept. 2022.

  7. Ong, F., Loa, P., Habib, K.N. “Survey Design and Data Structure”. Report to the TransLink New Mobility Research Lab. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute. Mar. 2022.

  8. Mashrur, Sk. Md., Wang, K., Loa, P., Habib, K.N. “Report on Transit Demand and Choice Adaptation Survey 2021”. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute. Nov. 2021.

  9. Loa, P., Hossain, S., Liu, Y., Mashrur, Sk. Md., Ong, F., Habib, K.N. “Exploring the Impacts of COVID-19 on Ride-sourcing use in the Greater Toronto Area: Results from the second cycle of the SiSTM satellite survey”. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute. Nov. 2021.

  10. Loa, P., Ong, F., Habib, K.N. “Review of TNC Evaluations and Strategies and Policies on Shared Mobility”. Report to the TransLink New Mobility Research Lab. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute. May 2021.

  11. Loa, P., Hossain, S., Liu, Y., Mashrur, Sk. Md., Habib, K.N. “How has COVID-19 Impacted Ride-sourcing use in the Greater Toronto Area? Results from the first cycle of the SiSTM satellite survey”. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute. Aug. 2020.

  12. Mashrur, Sk. Md., Wang, K., Hossain, S., Loa, P., Habib, K.N. “An Assessment of the Impacts of COVID-19 Lockdown in Summer 2020 on Transit Use in the Greater Toronto Area: Results from the Cycle-1 of SPETT Satellite Survey”. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute. Aug. 2020.

  13. Loa, P., Hawkins, J., Habib, K.N. “Evaluating the Impacts of Private Transportation Companies on Travel Behaviour through a Stated Preference (SP) Survey”. Report to the City of Toronto Big Data Innovation Team. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute, May 2019.

  14. Srikukenthiran, S., Loa, P., Hossain, S., Chung, B., Habib, K.N., Miller, E.J. “Transportation Tomorrow Survey 2.0: Final Report”. Report to the Transportation Information Steering Committee, Toronto. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute, Dec. 2018.

  15. Loa, P., Hossain, S., Habib, K.N. “Satellite Survey Design for the Collection of Cycling Demand in the National Capital Region – Survey Design and Recommendations”. Report to the TRANS Committee. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute, Dec. 2018.

  16. Loa, P., Hossain, S., Habib, K.N. “Assessing the State-of-the-Practice of Active Mode Data Collection and Planning: Result of a Planning Agency Survey”. Report to the TRANS Committee. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute, May 2018.

  17. Loa, P., Ladan, T., Hossain, S., Habib, K.N. “Core-Satellite Survey Design Accommodating Active Mode Demand in the National Capital Region – Review and Recommendations”. Report to the TRANS Committee. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute, Nov. 2017.

  18. Ladan, T., Loa, P., Habib, K.N. “Data for Planning Active Travel Modes: A Literature Review”. Report to the TRANS Committee. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute, Nov. 2017.

  19. Loa, P., Srikukenthiran, S, Miller, E.J., Habib, K.N. “Core-Satellite Survey Design Framework: A Conceptual Framework”. Report to the Transportation Information Steering Committee, Toronto. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute, Nov. 2017.

  20. Loa, P., Srikukenthiran, S., Miller, E.J., Habib, K.N. “Current state of web-based survey methods”. Report to the Transportation Information Steering Committee, Toronto. University of Toronto Transportation Research Institute, Sept. 2015.